Proton-proton correlations in central collisions of Ni + Ni at 1.93 A.GeV and the space-time extent of the emission source

Small-angle correlations of proton pairs produced in central Ni+Ni collisions at a beam energy of 1.93 A · GeV are investigated with the FOPI detector system at GSI Darmstadt. Simultaneous comparison of longitudinal and transverse correlation functions with the predictions of the Koonin model allows to unravel the space-time ambiguity of the source extension. The determination of the source rest frame is found essential for the identification of this effect. For the present system, the selection of central events comprising about 8% of the total cross section allows for the isolation of a compact source in momentum space which is centered around the c.m. velocity of the colliding nuclei. Taking into account the strong collective expansion of the participant zone, which introduces a reduction of the extracted source radius of more than 30%, r.m.s. radius and emission time parameters of Rrms=(4.2±1.2) fm and trms=(11+7-5) fm/c are extracted, respectively. In contrast, the analysis of the angle-integrated correlation function mixes the spatial and temporal size of the source and gives an upper limit Rrms=(7.0 ± 0.8) fm of the source radius.