Spectrum camera based on all-pass single-template complementary sampling and imaging method

The invention provides a spectrum camera based on all-pass single-template complementary sampling and an imaging method for solving a technical problem that a conventional spectral imaging system is complex in structure and poor in spectral image reconstruction quality. The spectrum camera comprises a lens group, an encoding module, an observation module, and an image reconstruction processing module. The lens group is composed of a group of lenses. The encoding module uses an area array structure formed by random combination of multiple transmission array elements and reflection array elements, and forms an acute angle with the transmission direction of the spectral image, and is used for randomly encoding the transmission information and the reflection information of the spectral image. The observation module comprises a transmission observation module and a reflection observation module and is used for performing transmission observation and reflection observation on the encoded spectral image. The image reconstruction processing module simultaneously fuses two observation results to reconstruct the spectral image. The spectrum camera is simple in system structure, high in luminous flux, and short in exposure time, and can be used in the fields of mineral exploration, natural disaster monitoring, and military reconnaissance.