Symmetry in art and architecture of the Western Islamic world

ABSTRACTSince the conquest of Andalusia by the Arab-Berber Muslim and the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate in the eighth century until the fall of Granada in the fifteenth century, the history of the Maghreb was closely linked to that of Andalusia. The mixing of populations of different ethnic groups gave birth to a civilization, which spread throughout the world by its science and culture. This civilization has particularly favoured the development of an original, rich and varied art that integrated geometry in the construction of complex patterns that appear on the architectural ornament. This form of art has evolved over centuries from simple drawings to complex geometry involving a high degree of symmetry.