Параметричний та структурний оптимальний синтез багатошкальних радіотехнічних інформаційно-вимірювальних систем

In the article the existent methods of measuring of radio electronic measuring devices (instrumentation and informative channels of the radiotechnical systems) are considered: discriminator (functional), panoramic (search), much channel, much scale, much stage and combined. Discriminator, or functional, the method of measuring is the simplest in realization, but, in obedience to the curve of exchange, his exactness conflicts with the large range of measuring. Other more effective methods appear therefore. It is possible to assert from the analysis of the got curves of exchange of discriminator measuring devices, that the least dispersion of error can be at a priori small range of measuring and at the small stripe of key-in. Id est, at the phase methods of measuring, at harmonious signals scales that recover all range. And most exactness of measuring - arrived at on most frequency due to the steepness of signal of phase detectors. Consequently, phase multiscale measuring devices have substantial advantage in the economy of energy of signal. It is marked that every measuring device (channel of the system) will realize the method of measuring, answers the principle of action and built on the great numbers of parameters, signals and structures. Possibility of raising and decision of tasks of optimization is shown many scale radiotechnical informatively-measuring systems on the criterion of a maximum of exactness of measuring of different types of the systems (channels) at limits on parameters and cost, and also synthesis of their measuring structure and signals on three great numbers (parameters, signals and structures). It is marked that introduction of index of cost allows, foremost, to classify, in obedience to the curves of exchange, all much scale radiotechnical informatively-measuring systems on possible, rational and optimal, that simplifies their planning and first is basis for the evaluation of their realization. The methods of receipt of curves of exchange of quality of radio electronic measuring devices are presented. Analytical expressions are got for the choice of measuring method, structure and parameters of radio electronic measuring devices (channels) for radiotechnical informatively-measuring systems with panoramic, much by a channel, much stage and much by a scale measuring methods with simultaneous (successive) scales in time.