Spatial patterns of stand pine natural regeneration in Mediterranean dune environment

In Mediterranean forest ecosystems, spontaneous regeneration presents various problems. Therefore, it is difficult to observe this phenomenon in natural conditions and the areas in which it occurs represent a great opportunity to analyze its dynamics. A case of natural regeneration of Pinus pinea L. has been observed and analyzed in a coastal dune area of Sardinia, where there is an artificial pine forest of about 65 years. Although the study was developed in a small area, the results represent a further step in understanding the dynamics that drive the spontaneous renewal of the domestic pine..