Antibodies and microbial biomolecules as biotechnological tools for bacterial infections diagnosis

Abstract Microbial biomolecules are extensively used as tools for immunodiagnostic methods, either for methods development as recombinant antigens or detection by antibodies. Indeed, antibodies are the immune system key due to its specificity, which is a remarkable ally for a variety of infectious diseases self-control. Different antibody forms are produced in the laboratory, including recombinant fragments produced by microbial systems, allowing genetically engineered molecules obtainment, without natural bias and able to fit for several purposes. Assembled antibodies are used in diagnosis, therapy, basic research, and target to drug delivery systems. Due to the use of these prevailing biomolecules, immunodiagnostic assays become an excellent methodology, with a diversity of available protocols for a routine procedure, and are applied worldwide, thus imperative for infectious disease control and treatment. In this chapter, the biotechnology importance of antigens and antibodies as microbial biomolecules in infectious diseases has been strengthening and explored.