A talajművelés és a tápanyagellátás gyomosodásra gyakorolt tartamhatásának tanulmányozása = Study on the long-term effect of soil management and nutrient supply on the weeds

Kutatasainkat Keszthelyen, az 1972-ben beallitott talajművelesi es az 1983-ban beallitott tragyazasi tartamkiserletekben folytattuk 2006-2009 kozott. A talajműveles es a tapanyagellatas gyomosodasra gyakorolt hatasat őszi buza es kukorica kulturakban vizsgaltuk. A gyomflora osszeteteleben, a fajok dominancia sorrendjeben es a gyomboritasban szignifikans kulonbseg volt az egyes talajművelesi modok (szantas, tarcsa, műveles nelkul) szerint, a N kezelesek hatasa is igazolhato volt. Kompeticios kiserletekben adatokat nyertunk a kukorica es a gyomnovenyek kozotti versengesről, a gyomnovenyek termescsokkentő hatasarol. A minimalis művelesben volt a legnagyobb gyomboritas, itt fordultak elő legnagyobb szamban es boritassal az evelő gyomnovenyek. A szantas gyomszabalyozo hatasa kedvezően ervenyesult. A műveles melysegenek es mertekenek csokkenesevel a gyomosodas jelentős novekedesevel, a gyomnovenyek előretoresevel kell szamolnunk, amelyen belul kiemelt figyelmet erdemelnek az evelő fajok. Eredmenyeinket 30 kozlemenyben, ezek kozul 19-et lektoralt tudomanyos folyoiratban (IF 4,974) valamint hazai es nemzetkozi konferenciakon ismertettuk. A kutatasban Kismanyoky Andras PhD hallgato is reszt vett, aki ebben a temakorben kesziti disszertaciojat. A kutatas megvalositoi ezuton is koszonetuket fejezik ki az OTKA altal nyujtott tamogatasert. Kutatasi eredmenyeink az oktatasban es a kutatasban, valamint a hatekony gyomszabalyozas alapozasaban egyarant hasznosulnak. | The effects of the cultivation and fertilization on the weedeness were studied in two long-term field experiments carried out in Keszthely between 2006 and 2009. We have been monitoring the weed flora composition and rate (%) of covering time to time. Finally a preference order of the weed species was determined. The different cultivation technologies resulted in significant impacts on both the cover as well as the preferences of weed species. The amounts of N-fertilizers applied also influenced the two parameters and there were statistically proven interaction between the variants of fertilization and the cultivation. We have received valuable results from our experiments aiming at studying the competition between weeds and maize measured by the quantitative production. We found the highest weed cover in fields with minimum tillage application. The perennial weeds were predominant in such fields. The conventional tillage technologies proved to be the most effective from the aspects of weed control. Our results have been published in 30 scientific paper, 19 of them in per review journals (IF = 4.974). The results have also been used by Andras Kismanyoky in his PhD Theses. We would like to express thanks and appreciations to OTKA for the generous support allowing us to accomplish our basic research, resulting in knowledge and conclusions used also in teaching, field application as well as in our future research.