Some Issues of Teaching Statistical Thinking

Title Page, Table of Contents Preface General Introduction CHAPTER I The Power of Natural Frequencies: Extending Their Facilitating Effect to Complex Bayesian Situations -Introduction -Extensions of the Basic Task Study 1 Study 2 -Addressing Current Critiques of the Natural Frequency Approach The Confusion Between Natural Frequencies and Frequencies Per Se Do We Need "Nested Sets", a "Subset Principle", or "Partitive Frequencies"? Computational Complexity Stochastical Dependency and Causality The Ambigous Use of the Term "Probability Version" -Defining Natural Frequencies -Conclusion CHAPTER II The Psychology of the Monty Hall Problem: Discovering Psychological Mechanismsfor Solving a Tenacious Brain Teaser -Introduction -Previous Research -Present Approach And Objectives Natural Frequencies Mental Models Perspective Change Less-is-More Effect -Scenarios of the Monty Hall Problem No-Door Scenario One-Door Scenario Two-Door Scenario -Are There Possible Effects of Incomplete Information? -Intuitive Versions of the Monty Hall Problem Study 3 Study 4 Comparison of Study 3 and 4 Study 5 -Sum Up -Conclusion CHAPTER III Misinterpretations of Significance:How Significance Tests Should be Presented to Students -Introduction -Where do the Misconceptions Come From? Study 6: What does a "Significant Test Result" Mean? -How Can We Avoid Misconceptions in Students' Minds? -Four Steps Towards an Understanding of the Meaning of "Significance" -Supporting Measures -Conclusion General Discussion References Appendices Deutsche Zusammenfassung Danksagung