Postprandial glycaemic and lipaemic responses to chronic coffee consumption may be modulated by CYP1A2 polymorphisms
2018
There is much epidemiological evidence suggesting a reduced risk of development of
type 2 diabetes (T2D) in habitual coffee drinkers, however to date there have been few longer
term interventions, directly examining the effects of coffee intake on glucose and lipid
metabolism. Previous studies may be confounded by inter-individual variation in caffeine
metabolism. Specifically, the rs762551 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CYP1A2
gene has been demonstrated to influence caffeine metabolism, with carriers of the C allele
considered to be of a “slow” metaboliser phenotype. This study investigated the effects of
regular coffee intake on markers of glucose and lipid metabolism in coffee-naive individuals,
with novel analysis by rs762551 genotype. Participants were randomised to either a coffee
group (n=19) who consumed 4 cups/day instant coffee for 12 weeks or a control group (n=8)
who remained coffee/caffeine free. Venous blood samples were taken pre- and post13
intervention. Primary analysis revealed no significant differences between groups. Analysis of
the coffee group by genotype revealed several differences. Prior to coffee intake, the AC
genotype (“slow” caffeine metabolisers, n=9) displayed higher baseline glucose and non
esterified fatty acids (NEFA) than the AA genotype (“fast” caffeine metabolisers, n=10,
p<0.05). Post-intervention, reduced postprandial glycaemia and reduced NEFA suppression
were observed in the AC genotype, with the opposite result observed in the AA genotype
(p<0.05). These observed differences between genotypes warrant further investigation and
indicate there may be no one-size-fits-all recommendation with regard to coffee drinking and
T2D risk.
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