Análisis y didáctica del discurso político

espanolEn este estudio nos proponemos analizar fundamentalmente dos aspectos del discurso politico: primero, las caracteristicas del lenguaje empleado por los politicos en sus discursos. En esta ocasion analizaremos los discursos de Cristina Kirchner, Jose “Pepe” Mujica, Mariano Rajoy, Pablo Iglesias, Jordi Hereu, Felipe VI, Paolino Rivero, Matteo Renzi y Sergio Mattarella. En particular, nos proponemos comprobar el empleo de la metafora. Las metaforas tienen el merito de simplificar conceptos, transformandolos en situaciones mas asequibles cognoscitivamente, pero tambien son importantes por la carga argumentativa y valorativa gracias a las asociaciones subjetivas a que dan lugar. En segundo lugar, queremos defender la utilidad del analisis de los discursos politicos en la ensenanza de las lenguas. Por otro lado, pensamos que, visto que los politicos que hablan la lengua espanola no son todos espanoles –muchos de ellos son latinoamericanos–, el estudio linguistico se presenta interesante tambien desde el punto de vista de la variedad. Es importante que el estudiante de espanol estudie una lengua viva, real, un espanol autentico que, a pesar de su heterogeneidad, posee una fuerte unidad linguistica. Mas alla de este aspecto didactico, el analisis del discurso politico es importante por su papel social; se le debe reconocer el pretender educar al estudiante para que pueda reconocer e interpretar con competencia la realidad pintada por los politicos. Queremos, en fin, resaltar el valor educativo que representa este genero de estudio, y su valor como instrumento util para reconocer e interpretar con competencia las acciones de hombres y mujeres capaces con sus palabras de cambiar la historia y el destino de la humanidad. EnglishIn this study we propose to fundamentally analyze two aspects of political discourse: First, the characteristics of the language used by politicians in their speeches. On this occasion we will analyze the speeches by Cristina Kirchner, Jose “Pepe” Mujica, Mariano Rajoy, Pablo Iglesias, Jordi Hereu, Felipe VI, Paolino Rivero, Matteo Renzi and Sergio Mattarella. In particular, we propose to test the use of metaphor. Metaphors have the merit of simplifying concepts, transforming them into more cognitively accessible situations, but they are also important due to the argumentative and evaluative load thanks to the subjective associations to which they give rise. Second, we want to defend the usefulness of the analysis of political discourses in the teaching of languages. On the other hand, we think that, since the politicians who speak the Spanish language are not all Spanish –many of them are Latin American– the linguistic study is also interesting from the point of view of variety. It is important that the student of Spanish study a living, real language, an authentic Spanish that, despite its heterogeneity, has a strong linguistic unity. Beyond this didactic aspect, the analysis of political discourse is important due to its social role; it must be recognized that it seeks to educate the student so that he can competently recognize and interpret the reality painted by politicians. Finally, we want to emphasize the educational value that this type of study represents, and its value as a useful instrument to recognize and competently interpret the actions of men and women capable of changing the history and destiny of humanity with their words.