Actividad del factor VIII en jóvenes mexicanos con infarto agudo del miocardio

2008 
Antecedentes: La enfermedad aterotrombotica es la causa de muerte mas frecuente y la mayoria corresponde a infarto agudo del miocardio (IAM). Los menores de 45 anos representan 5 a 10% de los IAM y es comun que no sean portadores de factores de riesgo aterotrombotico clasicos. Metodos: Este estudio transversal analitico incluyo pacientes menores de 45 anos con IAM, de uno y otro sexo, pareados por edad, sexo y grupo sanguineo con sus respectivos controles, para analizar el impacto de diferentes factores de riesgo aterotrombotico sobre el IAM. Incluimos 160 casos y controles, 77 hombres y 83 mujeres. Resultados: El 25% de los pacientes tuvo aumento del factor VIII de la hemostasia (FVIII) vs. 8.8% en los controles. El FVIII promedio para pacientes y controles fue 134 mg/dl (IC 95%=114) vs. 118 mg/dl (IC 95%=128-140), respectivamente (p=0.001). La prevalencia de actividad alta del FVIII fue mayor que la de diabetes mellitus o hipertension arterial. Paradojicamente, el colesterol HDL fue mayor en los pacientes que en los controles. Las unicas variables cuantitativas asociadas a IAM fueron la actividad alta del FVIII, la cuenta de monocitos en sangre periferica y el colesterol HDL. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo aterotrombotico clasicos no explican totalmente el IAM en jovenes. El aumento de FVIII es un factor de riesgo moderado pero frecuente en la poblacion joven con IAM. BACKGROUND: Atherothrombotic disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Most casualties are due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Patients younger than 45 years account for 5-10% of AMI cases. These patients generally do not display typical atherothrombotic risk factors. METHODS: Our cross-sectional study included adult patients under 45; men and women with AMI were included. A control group of healthy individuals matched for age, sex, and blood group was included to determine the role of several atherothrombotic risk factors on AMI. One hundred and sixty patients were included, the control group was comprised by 77 males (m) and 83 females (f) RESULTS: Our results indicate that 25% of patients (23 m and 18 f) had increased FVIII compared with 8.8% of control subjects. Mean FVIII activity for patients and controls was 134 mg/dl (95%CI=114) vs. 118 mg/dl (95%CI=128-140), respectively (p=0.001). Prevalence of elevated FVIII was higher than the one found for hypertension or diabetes mellitus. HDL cholesterol was higher among patients than controls. Quantitative variables associated with AMI were high FVIII activity, blood monocyte count and HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: Classical atherothrombotic risk factors do not fully explain AMI events in the young. High levels of FVIII activity is a moderate but common risk factor in young people suffering AMI.
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