Neuroendoscopic Management of Intraventricular Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose— We reviewed our 7-year experience in neuroendoscopic management of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) to evaluate its safety, efficiency, and efficacy. Methods— Thirteen patients with spontaneous primary or secondary tetraventricular IVH underwent neuroendoscopy. In all procedures, we used a flexible instrument. CT scans obtained before and after surgery were compared for Graeb score and ventriculocranial ratio. Glasgow Outcome Scale was assessed at 12 months. Results— In all patients, the procedure resulted in a substantial removal of ventricular blood. Graeb score was reduced by 65%, and ventriculocranial ratio was reduced by 30% (P<0.002). The procedure was carried out safely even in the presence of a vascular malformation, and no rebleeding or delayed hydrocephalus was observed in any case. Mortality at 12 months was 30.7%. Favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale, 3 to 5) was observed in 61.5% of cases. Conclusions— Neuroendoscopic management of severe IVH in this cohort...