Effects of treatment of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation in a medium to long-term follow-up study

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effects of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation (CSCIWFD) treatment in a medium-to long-term follow-up study. The clinical treatment of CSCIWFD is also discussed. Methods A consecutive series of 42 CSCIWFD patients with complete follow-up data were retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, 9 received conservative treatment and 33 underwent surgical treatment from June 2009 to March 2013. Neurologic functional recovery was evaluated according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system and the Frankel grade on admission, during hospital discharge, and at final follow-up. The average follow-up time was 49.6 months (range, 36–68 months). Results The 33 cases with surgical treatment showed significantly higher JOA scores at the final follow-up than those with conservative treatment. In addition, statistically significant differences were found in all of the follow-up visits between patients whose operations were performed within 7 days after injury and those performed after 7 days ( P P > 0.05). On the basis of Frankel functional classification, differences were also significant between surgical treatment and conservative treatment at all of the follow-up visits. Conclusions Early surgical treatment for CSCIWFD can directly relieve spinal cord compression. The medium-to long-term follow-up revealed that surgery clearly promotes decompression.