Metabolic profiling analysis of the vitamin B 12 producer Propionibacterium freudenreichii

Vitamin B12 (VB12 ) is an indispensable cofactor of metabolic enzymes and has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, the effects of medium composition on VB12 production by Propionibacterium freudenreichii were evaluated and optimized based on statistical experiments. The results showed that glucose, yeast extract, KH2 PO4 , and glycine have significant effects on VB12 production. The final titer of VB12 reached 8.32 ± 0.02 mg/L, representing a 120% increase over the non-optimized culture medium. We employed a metabolomics approach to analyze the differences of metabolite concentrations in P. freudenreichii cells cultivated in the original medium and optimized fermentation medium. Using multivariate data analysis, we identified a range of correlated metabolites, illustrating how metabolomics can be used to explain VB12 production changes by corresponding differences in the overall cellular metabolism. The concentrations of many metabolic intermediates of glycolysis, the Wood-Werkman cycle, the TCA cycle, and amino acid metabolism were increased, which contributed to the synthesis of propionic acid and VB12 due to an improved supply of energy and precursors.