A Study on the Second Order Statistics of $$\kappa $$-$$\mu $$μ Fading Channels

In this paper, the second order statistics of the \(\kappa \)-\(\mu \) fading channel model are studied. Based on the joint probability density function (PDF) of the envelope and its time derivative of the \(\kappa \)-\(\mu \) fading signal, the closed-form expressions are obtained for the level crossing rate (LCR) and the average duration of fades (ADF) of the proposed model. These equations can also be applied to analyze the temporal statistical behavior of the Rice, Rayleigh, and Nakagami-m models. Based on the Rice’s sum of sinusoids, a simple and efficient deterministic simulation model is presented, which enables the emulation of the \(\kappa \)-\(\mu \) fading channel models with the desired statistics. The \(\kappa \)-\(\mu \) model provides an enhanced fit to the measurement data obtained from the mobile human body to body communication channels within indoor environments at 2.45 GHz.