Plasmacytoma-like post-kidney-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder confined to renal allograft and urinary tract: A case report

Abstract Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a well-know complication after organ transplantation. We report a case of a patient who developed an extramedullary plasmacytoma-like PTLD around his transplanted kidney treated with standard multiple myeloma chemotherapy. Three years after benefiting of a deceased donor kidney transplant for an end stage kidney disease secondary to nephroangiosclerosis, our patient developed an extra-medullary plasmacytoma confined to the transplant compartment. The transplant function was unaltered, and due to the absence of reduction of the lesion after immunosuppression reduction, a chemotherapy by bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone (VCD) known to be efficient in multiple myeloma was initiated. After 6 cycles, positron emission tomography (PET) scan showed complete metabolic remission confirming the biological exams. This case report suggests that a chemotherapy such as VCD can efficiently treat plasmacytoma-like PTLD allowing graft survival. Therefore, transplant removal may not be mandatory as the best second line treatment after unsuccessfulness reduction of immunosuppression.