Precision medicine in osteoporosis and bone diseases

Bone is a mineralized connective tissue that exerts important functions in the body. Osteoblasts, bone lining cells, osteocytes, and osteoclasts are the cells of the bone. Osteoporosis affects one-third of women and one out of eight men over the age of 50. Most patients with osteoporosis are asymptomatic, which makes epidemiological research especially difficult. Biochemical markers of bone turnover have the potential to serve as useful tools in osteoporosis management, but biological and analytical variability of them hinders their use. Many genetic variations, and lifestyle and environmental factors influence the susceptibility to osteoporosis and its complications. Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by severe bone loss and extreme fragility of bones. The main purpose of pharmacological therapy in osteoporosis is to reduce the risk of fracture, not just increase bone mineral density (BMD). Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent bone disorder recognized by low BMD.