Novel active CRLH transmission lines incorporating FETs for reconfigurable antennas

In this paper, the novel active composite right/left-handed transmission lines (CRLH-TLs) are presented incorporating FETs for the reconfigurable antennas. The demonstrated CRLH-TL with three FETs has four states with respect to the bias combination of the FETs. The measured characteristics of the developed active CRLH-TL indicate two states of the radiation and the reflection with the bias combination. In the case of the radiation state, the backward radiations are observed from the EM simulation in the left-handed (LH) region. The proposed active CRLH-TLs incorporating FETs provide the reconfigurable characteristics for the leaky wave antenna.