Aspectos políticos, econômicos e institucionais da exploração e produção de petróleo e gás no Brasil

EnglishThe study takes an economic, political and institutional approach to oil and gas exploration and production in Brazil from the precursor explorations that took place in the Brasil Imperio to the discovery of pre-salt layer. The conjunction of three recent episodes (the severe economic recession of 2015-16, the fall in oil prices and Operation Lava-Jato) have produced serious instabilities in the oil sector. However, changes in the regulatory framework since 2018 and the reduction of the State’s presence in the economy leveraged investments in the sector that will contribute to finance the country’s economic growth. Also, the oil sector in Brazil still has a lot to grow, since less than 5% of the sedimentary area is contracted. portuguesO estudo faz uma abordagem economica, politica e institucional da exploracao e producao (e&p) de petroleo e gas no Brasil desde as exploracoes precursoras ocorridas no Brasil Imperio ate a descoberta do pre-sal. A conjuncao de tres episodios recentes (a grave recessao economica de 2015-16, a derrocada dos precos do petroleo e a Operacao Lava-Jato) produziram serias instabilidades no setor petrolifero. Porem, as alteracoes no marco regulatorio a partir de 2018 e a reducao da presenca do Estado na economia alavancaram os investimentos no setor que contribuirao para financiar o crescimento economico do pais. Ademais, o setor petrolifero no Brasil ainda tem muito a crescer, visto que menos de 5% da area sedimentar estao contratados.