Muography sensitivity to hydrogeological rock density perturbation: roles of the absorption and scattering on the muon flux measurement reliability
2017
Tomography using muons is a method to investigate the subsurface density. Muons are particles
produced in the atmosphere, and their absorption depends on the quantity of matter they pass
through, hence on the rock density and thickness. The Temporal Tomography of rock mass Density
using Muons flux Measurement (T2DM2) project aims to characterise the spatial and temporal
density variations of the first hundreds of metres of the subsurface. These variations can be induced
by water transfer within the critical zone or other thermo-hydro-mechanical processes like fracturing.
The imaging potential of muography and its application to hydrogeological processes are
introduced. Numerical simulations are performed to estimate the significance of the muon flux
fluctuations associated to rock density and composition variations for depths ranging from 60 to
1000 m. Particular attention is paid to muon scattering in rocks, which should be taken into account
in order to achieve a good spatial and angular resolution.
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