Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio in ulcerative colitis as non-invasive biomarkers of disease activity and severity

Apart from endoscopic interventions, readily attainable cost-effective biomarkers for ulcerative colitis (UC) assessment are required. For this purpose, we evaluated differential leucocytic ratio, mainly neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) as simple available indicators of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis. Study conducted on 80 UC patients who were classified into two groups of 40 each according to Mayo score and colonoscopic findings. Group 1 (active UC) and group 2 (inactive UC). Another 40 group-matched healthy participants were enrolled. White blood cell count, NLR, LMR, C-reactive protein, and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate were measured and recorded. Significant elevation of NLR was observed in active UC group compared to inactive UC and controls (2.63 ± 0.43, 1.64 ± 0.25, 1.44 ± 0.19 respectively; p   1.91, with a sensitivity and a specificity of 90% and 90% respectively. The mean LMRs of active UC was significantly lower compared with inactive UC patients and controls (2.25 ± 0.51, 3.58 ± 0.76, 3.64 ± 0.49 respectively; p < 0.0001). The cut-off value of LMR for determining the disease activity was ≤ 2.88 with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 90%. NLR, LMR, and CRP were found to be significant independent markers for discriminating disease activity (p = 0.000). Besides, NLR was significantly higher in patients with pancolitis and positively correlated with endoscopically severe disease. NLRs and LMRs are simple non-invasive affordable independent markers of disease activity in UC.