Extreme positive CE-anomalies in a 3.0 Ga submarine volcanic sequence, Murchison Province: Oxygenated marine bottom waters

Abstract Systematic positive anomalies of Ce, where Ce/Ce* spans 2.1 to 11.4, are present in basalts and rhyolites of a 2.96 Ga submarine volcanic sequence of the Murchison Province, Western Australia. This volcanic sequence is host to a stratabound Cu–Zn deposit that formed on the seafloor from a seawater hydrothermal system. These are true Ce anomalies as Pr/Pr*  + 3 in an oxic water column.