Hydrogen spillover effect induced by ascorbic acid in CdS/NiO core-shell p-n heterojunction for significantly enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution

Abstract A new variety of CdS/NiO core-shell p-n heterojunction is synthesized by in-situ chemically depositing NiO shell on single-crystal CdS nanorods for the first time. With this method, the range of NiO shell thickness can be accurately controlled within a few nanometers. The optimized CdS/NiO sample (CSN0.5) with a NiO shell layer of 1.5 nm exhibits a highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 731.7 μmol/h (corresponding to 243.9 mmol/g/h) without using co-catalyst, which is among the highest value of all the CdS photocatalysts. The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of CSN0.5 at 365 nm wavelength reaches 28.19 %. The remarkably enhanced photocatalytic performance can be attributed to a hydrogen spillover effect induced by ascorbic acid in CdS/NiO, which promotes the transmission of adsorbed H* from hydrogen-rich NiO (electron-poor region) to hydrogen-poor CdS (electron-rich region) where the adsorbed H* reacts in time with the photogenerated electron to produce H2, facilitating the H2 evolution reaction. This work provides a method to promote the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction by using hydrogen spillover effect.