Modifications of Surface Integrity during the Cutting of Copper

Abstract The required extreme surface quality of metallic parts made necessary investigation of different features of surface formed crystallites in polycrystalline materials. Every surface crystallite has different crystal plane orientation, so its reaction to the machine tool during cutting differs from that of other crystallites. These differences are reflected in the features of surface finish, especially when the surface is mirror like. The reason is that orientation of the crystallite determines the plastic and elastic deformation both of the machined surface and the chip. Elastic deformation perpendicular to the surface depends on the perpendicular compressive stress caused by the tool and Young's modulus, perpendicular to surface. After the passage of the tool, the elastic deformation disappears and its former values result in different levels of crystallite surfaces. Differences are determined by the orientation dependence of the Young's modulus. The ratio of highest to lowest modulus for copper ...