Inoperable non-small cell lung cancer: Radiation with or without chemotherapy

Abstract We report a randomized multicentre study of split-course radiotherapy (RT), with or without combination chemotherapy (CT), in 238 patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), previously untreated, confined to one hemithorax and the mediastinal nodes. In both treatment groups RT consisted of 55 Gy in 20 F given over 7 weeks wih a 3 -week rest interval. CT consisted of the 3 -drug regimen CAP: C = cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m 2 , A = adriamycin 40 mg/m 2 , P = cisplatin 40 mg/m 2 ; 2 cycles of CAP given before RT, one during the rest interval and six after RT. Seventy per cent in the RT arm and 67% in the RT-CT arm had epidermoid carcinoma. No significant difference was apparent between the RT and the RT-CT arms with respect to objective response rates (CR + PR) ( 44 and 49% , respectively), median duration of response ( 278 and 320 days), local failure ( 31 and 20% ), distant progression ( 23 and 20% ) or median survival ( 311 and 322 days). The survival figures showed an almost significant (P = 0.05) therapeutic advantage of the combined regimen with stage IIIM 0 disease. Progressive disease was the cause of death in 92% and 88% . We conclude that chemotherapy did not contribute significantly to either local control or survival as compared to radiotherapy alone.