Recent advances and current controversies in genetic testing for personalized nutrition.

Purpose of review Considerable interest in personalized nutrition exists among the general public, policymakers, healthcare organizations and the private sector, but there is also skepticism of its utility. The present review aims to provide a summary of current controversies in the field of nutrigenomics, and to highlight recent research on the potential impact of implementing genetic testing for personalized nutrition in practice. Recent findings Numerous companies already offer genetic testing for personalized nutrition based on research developments in nutritional genomics. However, controversy exists over whether genetics contributes to interindividual responses to diet; the utility of single genetic variants versus genetic risk scores; the ability of DNA-based nutritional advice to elicit positive behavior change and health effects; and whether genetic information makes a difference on the type of dietary advice provided. Potential factors contributing to the discrepant viewpoints are discussed. Summary Despite the existing controversies, a solid body of evidence demonstrates that genetic testing for personalized nutrition is a powerful tool to guide dietary recommendations to improve health and performance, and to elicit positive behavior change.