Review on MXenes-based nanomaterials for sustainable opportunities in energy storage, sensing and electrocatalytic reactions

Abstract Among two-dimensional nanomaterials, MXenes-based nanomaterials have evolved as promising nanostructured materials for various applications owing to their remarkable properties such as hydrophilicity, high conductivity, and outstanding electrochemical/mechanical properties. This review provides a rapid overview on the classification and brief history on the MXenes-based nanomaterials. This review summarizes the progress on the tuning of MXenes properties (electronical, mechanical, magnetic, optical and stability) by modifying their surface chemistry and incorporating new elements. This review also deals with the spectroscopic and electron microscopic tools for the characterization of MXenes. This review briefly discusses the remarkable applications of MXenes-based nanocomposites in energy storage, analytical applications especially, electrochemical, fluorescent and gas sensing and electrocatalytic reactions (hydrogen evaluation, oxygen reduction, and nitrogen reduction). Finally, the challenges and prospects of MXenes in multidisciplinary research are overviewed.