Development of a new emission reallocation method for industrial sources in China
2021
Abstract. An accurate emission inventory is a crucial part of air
pollution management and is essential for air quality modelling. One source
in an emission inventory, an industrial source, has been known with high
uncertainty in both location and magnitude in China. In this study, a new
reallocation method based on blue-roof industrial buildings was developed to
replace the conventional method of using population density for the Chinese
emission development. The new method utilized the zoom level 14 satellite
imagery (i.e. Google®) and processed it based on hue,
saturation, and value (HSV) colour classification to derive new spatial
surrogates for province-level reallocation, providing more realistic spatial
patterns of industrial PM 2.5 and NO 2 emissions in China. The
WRF-CMAQ-based PATH-2016 model system was then applied with the new
processed industrial emission input in the MIX inventory to simulate air
quality in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) area (formerly called Pearl River
Delta, PRD). In the study, significant root mean square error (RMSE)
improvement was observed in both summer and winter scenarios in 2015 when
compared with the population-based approach. The average RMSE reductions
(i.e. 75 stations) of PM 2.5 and NO 2 were found to be
11 µ g m −3 and 3 ppb, respectively. Although the new method for allocating
industrial sources did not perform as well as the point- and area-based
industrial emissions obtained from the local bottom-up dataset, it still
showed a large improvement over the existing population-based method. In
conclusion, this research demonstrates that the blue-roof industrial
allocation method can effectively identify scattered industrial sources in
China and is capable of downscaling the industrial emissions from regional
to local levels (i.e. 27 to 3 km resolution), overcoming the technical
hurdle of ∼ 10 km resolution from the top-down or bottom-up
emission approach under the unified framework of emission calculation.
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