Bioprospecção de Trichoderma spp. osmotolerantes para promoção de crescimento de plantas.
2019
Resumo: A agricultura irrigada e a principal responsavel pelo consumo de agua no Brasil e no mundo. No Brasil, a irrigacao e caracterizada por ter baixos niveis tecnologicos, o que resulta em grande desperdicio de agua nesse setor. Visando a economia e a mitigacao do uso de agua na agricultura, este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar isolados do genero Trichoderma spp. tolerante a seca e com capacidade de promover o crescimento das plantas de milho em condicoes de estresse hidrico. Dezesseis isolados de Trichoderma spp. foram selecionadas a partir de amostras de solo rizosferico coletadas no bioma Caatinga. Testes foram realizados para avaliar o potencial de competitividade de isolados de Trichoderma spp. em solo sem atividade de agua, bem como seu potencial de crescimento sob estresse salino e seca. Foi realizado um bioensaio em casa de vegetacao para selecao de especies com potencial para promover o crescimento de plantas de milho sob estresse hidrico. Foram selecionados quatro isolados de Trichoderma spp. com o potencial de promover o crescimento das plantas de milho e de mitigar o efeito da seca sobre as plantas. Este estudo mostra que o fungo Trichoderma spp. pode induzir os mecanismos de resistencia da seca sobre as plantas de milho, bem como promover seu crescimento. Abstract: Irrigated agriculture is the main responsible for water consumption in Brazil and the world. In Brazil, irrigation is characterized by low levels of technology, which results in a great waste of water in this sector. Aiming at saving and mitigating the use of water in agriculture, this work aimed to select isolated of the genus Trichoderma spp. tolerant to drought and with the capacity to promote the growth of maize plants in conditions of water stress. Sixteen isolates of Trichoderma spp. were selected from rhizospheric soil samples collected in the Caatinga biome. Tests were performed to evaluate the potential for the competitiveness of Trichoderma spp. isolated in soil without water activity, as well as their potential for growth under saline and dry stress. A bioassay was carried out in a greenhouse condition to select species with the potential to promote the growth of maize plants under water stress. Four isolates of Trichoderma spp. were selected with the potential to promote the growth of maize plants and to mitigate the effect of drought on the plants. This study shows that the fungus Trichoderma spp. can induce drought resistance mechanisms on maize plants, as well as promote their growth.
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