Diode-pumped red-orange vortex Pr 3+ :YLF laser

Optical vortex beams1) carry an annular spatial profile and a nonzero orbital angular momentum of lh (where l is the topological charge) per photon, owing to the phase singularity, and they have been investigated in various applications, such as optical trapping, optical communication, quantum optics, and super-resolution fluorescence microscopes. In particular, visible vortex sources with a selective handedness should be applied to nano/micro fabrication, for instance, the formation of chiral structured materials.