The effects of age on atrophy and recovery in denervated fiber types of the rat nasolabialis muscle

This study investigates the effects of advancing age on responses of nasolabialis muscle fibers to denervation and reinnervation. The nasolabialis is innervated by the facial nerve and is responsible for the whisking movement of the animal's large vibrissae. In young adult (3-month) and middle-aged (15-month) rats the muscle on one side of the head was denervated by crushing the facial nerve. At specific days postcrush, animals were sacrificed and thick sections of muscle were incubated to demonstrate cytochrome oxidase activity, a mitochondrial enzyme, which differentiated between red, white, and intermediate fiber types. The rate and extent of atrophy and recovery were evaluated using light microscope morphometric methods for which transverse fiber areas were measured and compared to fibers on the contralateral control side. There was an age-related delay in the time of functional return since older animals resumed normal whisking behavior 6 days later than the younger animals. In both age groups, white and intermediate fibers atrophied to the greatest extent and red fibers showed least atrophy. Despite the different responses of the fiber types to denervation, there was no age difference in the maximum degree of fiber atrophy within each fiber type. Age differences did occur in the rate of the denervation response since the middle-aged fibers consistantly showed a more rapid significant atrophy than the young adult fibers. During recovery, older fibers may be limited in their ability to attain the size of fibers on the control side. The results indicate that through middle age, the process of advancing age increases the susceptibility of the nasolabialis muscle to denervation but does not alter the maximum extent of atrophy. The ability to recover to normal fiber size, at least 2 months after denervation, is also age-related.