Current and Emerging Bone Targeted Therapies for the Treatment of Bone Metastases From Solid Tumors

Abstract Bone metastases contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced-stage cancers. The metastatic bone disease is driven by tumor cells, which alter the functions of bone-resorbing (osteoclasts) and bone-forming (osteoblasts) cells, promoting skeletal destruction. Pharmacological agents bisphosphonates and denosumab are the standards of care for the treatment of metastatic bone disease. They block bone destruction, thereby delaying the occurrence of bone metastasis and reducing skeletal morbidity. In this review, we describe the progress and future directions of existing bone-targeted therapies and report emerging therapies that have arisen from advances in our understanding of the biology of bone metastases.