Three-Dimensional Orientation of Nanofibrils in Axially Symmetric Systems Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

2018 
The increased availability and brilliance of new X-ray facilities have in the recent years opened up the possibility to characterize the alignment of dispersed anisotropic nanoparticles in various microfluidic applications, from hydrodynamic self-assemblies to flows in complex geometries. In such applications, it is vital to study the alignment of the nanoparticles in the flow, as this in turn affects the final properties of the self-assembled superstructures or those of the flow itself. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a well-suited characterization technique for this but typically provides the alignment in a projected plane perpendicular to the beam direction. In this work, we demonstrate a simple method to reconstruct the full three-dimensional orientation distribution function from a SAXS experiment through the assumption that the azimuthal angle of the nanoparticles around the flow direction is distributed uniformly, an assumption that is valid for a large range of nanoparticle flow processes. ...
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