Teachers’ Understandings of Critical and Higher Order Thinking and What This Means for Their Teaching and Assessments

2016 
Critical and higher order thinking is essential to education, but it is not clear what teachers understand this to mean and what role this has in their instruction. We interviewed 38 teachers in Kindergarten to Grade 9 classrooms from 14 schools in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, to obtain their understandings of critical and higher order thinking in social studies and science, and how this affects instruction and assessment. The teachers believed that higher order thinking was important for all students, and attempted to teach thinking; however, they were less sure of how they might assess thinking. The teachers indicated uncertainty about what higher order thinking means, and believed they were not well prepared to teach or assess higher order thinking. L’esprit critique et les habiletes superieures de la pensee sont des elements essentiels de l’education; pourtant, il n’est pas clair si les enseignants comprennent ces concepts ou le role que jouent ceux-ci dans leur enseignement. Nous avons interroge 38 enseignants de la maternelle a la 9e annee et provenant de 14 ecoles a Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador, au Canada, de sorte a apprendre comment ils concevaient l’esprit critique et les habiletes superieures de la pensee en etudes sociales et en science, et dans quelle mesure leur perception affectait l’enseignement et l’evaluation. Les enseignants croyaient que les habiletes superieures de la pensee etaient importantes pour tous les eleves et ils tentaient d’enseigner la reflexion ; toutefois, ils etaient moins certains quant a la facon d’evaluer celle-ci. Les enseignants ont manifeste une incertitude quant a la definition des habiletes superieures de la pensee et estimaient qu’ils n’etaient pas bien prepares pour les enseigner ou les evaluer.
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