Acute Toxicity of Malathion and the New Surfactant “Genapol OXD 080” on Species of Rice Basins

The lower Guadalquivir River marshes (Seville, Spain) have approximately 35.000 ha dedicated to rice farming. When planting farmers usually apply Malathion to aid in controlling Chironomid larvae (bloodworm). These larvae feed on the seed endosperm and the developing roots of young seedling, resulting in poor crop establishment (Stevens and Warren 1994). The crayfish, Procambarus clarkii also adversely effects seedling establishment by removing the soil with their movement (Grigarick and Way 1982; Hill et al. 1982).