Peripheral microvascular dysfunction is also present in patients with ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA).

2021 
BACKGROUND In patients with ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA), coronary microvascular dysfunction is associated with higher rate of major adverse cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate if microvascular dysfunction present in coronary microcirculation of patients with INOCA may be detected noninvasively in their peripheral circulation. METHODS 25 patients with INOCA and 25 apparently healthy individuals (controls) were subjected to nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) and venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) to evaluate peripheral microvascular function and blood collection for biomarkers analysis, including soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS Red blood cell velocity (RBCV) before and after ischemia (RBCVmax) were significantly lower in patients with INOCA (p = 0.0001). Time to reach maximal red blood cell velocity (TRBCVmax) was significantly longer in INOCA group (p = 0.0004). Concerning VOP, maximal blood flow (p = 0.004) and its relative increment were significantly lower in patients with INOCA (p = 0.0004). RBCVmax showed significant correlations with sVCAM-1 (r = -0.38, p <  0.05), ET-1 (r = -0.73, p <  0.05) and CRP (r = -0.33, p <  0.05). Relative increment of maximal post-ischemic blood flow was significantly correlated with sVCAM-1 (r = -0.42, p <  0.05) and ET-1 (r = -0.48, p <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS The impairment of microvascular function present in coronary microcirculation of patients with INOCA can be also detected in peripheral microcirculation.
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