La cuestión nacional y el desarrollo de las sociedades

This article considers the debates and theoretical perspectives on the concept of nation. It is proposed to address: first, the construction of national memories around the concepts of imagined community and invented tradition; second, the division between the national and the popular taking into account the concept of cultural hegemony; and third, the capacity of language to configure national identity and power relations in societies. For which a qualitative methodological design is applied that allows analyzing and comparing the thinking of different thinkers such as Ernest Renan, IA³sif Stalin, Benedict Anderson, Eric Hobsbawm, Antonio Gramsci and other contemporary authors who reflected on the national question and the historical memory of the nations. This article aims at this, evidence and debate on the alternatives that the concept of nation undergoes in the face of secessionist and transnationalist processes, especially with the leading role of neoliberal projects in world geopolitics of the 21st century.