Electronic structure of ZnO(0001) studied by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy

Abstract The electronic structure of the ZnO(0001) surface was studied by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The recorded normal emission spectra give information about the valence band states as well as the Zn 3d states. The dispersions of the four valence bands observed in the (0001) direction were compared with theory and are in good agreement with recent calculations which consider the Zn 3d electrons as part of the valence band. The Zn 3d states are seen to separate into two groups of four and six bands, which show dispersion with k ⊥ . This is in agreement with theoretical results but the location of these states were not accurately predicted. The present photoemission results show that they lie around 10.5 eV below E F . Two surface states were observed on the (0001) surface. One, at 7.5 eV binding energy, was predicted by theory and is interpreted as arising from the “back-bondings” of the Zn 4sO 2p mixed bulk states. The other one at 4.5 eV below E F , most likely Zn 4pO 2p derived, was not predicted by theoretical calculations and this is discussed further in the text.