Taxonomic review of fossil Proboscidea (Mammalia) from Langebaanweg, South Africa

Comparative morphological and metric study of proboscidean dental fossils from the Quartzose (QSM) and Pelletal Phosphate (PPM) Members of the Varswater Formation at Langebaanweg, South Africa identifies the presence in the fauna of an anancine gomphothere and two species of elephant. The gomphothere, from the QSM and PPM, displays a unique combination of primitive and derived molar features, and consequently is placed in a new species (Anancus capensis sp. nov.) that is regionally distinct from other African species of Anancus. A new species of loxodont elephant (Loxodonta cookei sp. nov.) is identified from the PPM, distinguished from penecontemporaneous L. adaurora by having anterior and posterior accessory central conules that contribute to the formation of strong median sinuses throughout its molar crowns. It is further differentiated from other loxodont elephants by its primitive retention of permanent premolars, lower crown height, fewer molar plates, thicker enamel, and lower lamellar frequency, a...