Phase 1 and 2 drug metabolites generated using a miniaturized electrochemical cell with an attached esi needle

In this work we show phase 1 and 2 drug metabolism using a miniaturized electrochemical cell followed by on-line metabolite detection using electrospray ionization – mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The most common form of in vivo drug metabolism is enzyme-catalyzed oxidation [1]. Therefore, a method to rapidly mimic these reactions and subsequently analyze the products is interesting for drug screening applications. With the versatile experimental setup presented, phase 1 metabolism of clozapine is carried out with a very short transfer time to detection, as well as phase 1 and 2 metabolism of paracetamol which is first oxidized and subsequently conjugated to glutathione