Incidence and Predictors of Hospitalization in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Results from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study

BACKGROUND Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) underwent a high risk of hospitalization, which has not been paid much attention to in practice. Therefore, we aimed to assess the incidence, causes and predictors of hospitalization in AF patients. METHODS From August 2011 to December 2017, a total number of 20,172 AF patients from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry (China-AF) Study were prospectively selected for this study. We described the incidence, causes of hospitalization by age groups and sex. The Fine-Gray competing risk model was employed to identify predictors of first all-cause and first cause-specific hospitalization. RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 37.3 ± 20.4 months, 7,512 (37.2%) AF patients experienced one or more hospitalizations. The overall incidence of all-cause hospitalization was 24.0 per 100 patient-years. Patients aged < 65 years were predominantly hospitalized for AF (42.1% of the total hospitalizations); while patients aged 65-74 and ≥ 75 years were mainly hospitalized for non-cardiovascular diseases (43.6% and 49.3%, respectively). We found patients complicated with heart failure (HF)[hazard ratio (HR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.18], established coronary artery disease (CAD) (HR 1.24, 95%CI 1.17-1.33), ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) (HR 1.22, 95%CI 1.15-1.30), diabetes (HR 1.14, 95%CI 1.08-1.20), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (HR 1.28, 95%CI 1.02-1.62), gastrointestinal disorder (HR 1.37, 95%CI 1.21-1.55), and renal dysfunction (HR 1.24, 95%CI 1.09-1.42) had higher risks of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS More than one-third of AF patients included in this study were hospitalized at least once during over 3-year follow-up. The main cause for hospitalization among the elderly patients (≥ 65 years) is non-cardiovascular diseases rather than AF. Multidisciplinary management of comorbidities should be advocated to reduce hospitalization in AF patients older than 65 years old. Clinical Registry http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=5831 . Unique identifier: ChiCTR-OCH-13003729. The registration date is October 22, 2013.