Printed Logic Gates Based on Enhancement- and Depletion-Mode Electrolyte-Gated Transistors

Electrolyte-gated thin-film transistors (EGTs) with indium oxide channel, and expected lifetime of three months, enable low-voltage operation (~1 V) in the field of printed electronics (PEs). The channel width of our printed EGTs is varied between 200 and 1000 $\mu \text {m}$ , whereas a channel length between 10 and 100 $\mu \text {m}$ is used. Due to the lack of uniform performance p-type metal oxide semiconductors, n-type EGTs and passive elements are used to design circuits. For logic gates, transistor–resistor logic has been employed so far, but depletion- and enhancement-mode EGTs in a transistor–transistor logic boost the circuit performance in terms of delay and signal swing. In this article, the threshold voltage of the EGT, which determines the operation mode, is tuned through sizing of the EGTs channel geometry. The feasibility of both transistor operation modes is demonstrated for logic gates and ring oscillators. An inverter operating at a supply voltage of 1 V shows a maximum gain of 9.6 and a propagation delay time of 0.7 ms, which represents an improvement of $\sim \!2\times $ for the gain and oscillation frequency, in comparison with the resistor–transistor logic design. Moreover, the power consumption is reduced by 6 $\times $ .