Characterization and Modeling of the User Blockage for 5G Handset Antennas

In this work, a stochastic 3-D user shadowing model is presented, which can be used in the frequency range from 28 to 34 GHz. To characterize the user shadowing pattern, new metrics of shadowed cumulative distribution function (SCDF) and user shadowed intensity ratio (USIR) are proposed. The user shadowing model is based on measurements with 18 subjects of different heights and genders. For simplicity, the user shadowing pattern is divided into four regions based on the mean shadowing pattern obtained from the measurements. Each of the spatial regions is modeled as a stochastic process, which follows the Gaussian distribution. It has been shown that any horizontally polarized mobile antenna is compatible with the presented model. The proposed user shadowing pattern model can be directly used for fifth-generation (5G) mm-wave ray tracing or link simulations.