Myelin and oligodendrocyte lineage cell dysfunctions: New players in the etiology and treatment of depression and stress‐related disorders

: Depressive disorders are complex, multifactorial disorders that have been traditionally attributed exclusively to neuronal abnormalities. However, recent studies have increased our understanding of the contribution of glial cells - and particularly of oligodendroglia - to the pathogenesis and treatment outcome of depression and stress-related disorders. This review scrutinizes recent studies focusing on the neurosupportive functions exerted by myelin and oligodendrocyte lineage cells and their disruption in depression and stress-related disorders. It also illustrates how myelin and oligodendroglia respond to antidepressants and non-pharmacological treatment alternatives, and proposes oligodendroglia-directed approaches as novel therapeutic options for depressive disorders.