Crystal particle Raman-scattering and applications for improved solar cell performance

Raman-based spectral modification for improved solar cell (SC) performance was investigated. While, Raman scattering is a weak phenomena commonly used for material characterization, small-sized particles embedded in a light scattering matrix have increased Raman and increased anti-Stokes energy up shift probability; because, embedding particles in a diffusive, transparent matrix vastly increases light path lengths (kilometers) and because optically generated phonons contribute to anti-Stokes probability in long phonon lifetime small particles. Increased long wavelength quantum efficiency was obtained using these layers on silicon SCs. Diffusion theory was applied to the spatial light diffusion and to Raman light energy broadening.