Polystyrene sulfonic acid resin catalyst as well as preparation method and application of polystyrene sulfonic acid resin catalyst

The invention relates to a polystyrene sulfonic acid resin catalyst as well as a preparation method and application of the polystyrene sulfonic acid resin catalyst to respective tertiary butanol dehydration and isobutylene oligomerization to co-produce isobutylene and diisobutylene. The catalyst comprises polystyrene sulfonic acid resin, metal and metal sulfate; the metal comprises two parts, namely metal coated with the polystyrene sulfonic acid resin and metal not coated with the polystyrene sulfonic acid resin; and the metal sulfate is converted from an exposed surface of the metal not coated with the polystyrene sulfonic acid resin in the catalyst. When the catalyst is respectively used for tertiary butanol dehydration and isobutylene oligomerization, due to the high heat conductivity of the catalyst, the energy required by tertiary butanol dehydration is compensated after the two reactions are coupled, and the hot spot temperature of a bed layer for isobutylene oligomerization is greatly reduced; during reaction, the per-pass conversion rate of TBA dehydration can reach up to 40% or above, and the selectivity of isobutylene can reach up to 99% or above; and meanwhile, no sustained release preparations are needed to be added when isobutylene oligomerization is catalyzed, and even if isobutylene with the concentration being larger than 80wt% is used as a raw material, the selectivity of DIB is still 80% or above, and the per-pass conversion rate is 90% or above.