Gut Mucosal Injury Is Attenuated by Recombinant Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein in Hind Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Lower limb ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with increased gut permeability to endotoxin, which not only directly damages enterocytes but also stimulates a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), compounding gut injury. Recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI 21 ) is a novel anti-endotoxin therapy with proven benefit in sepsis. Its potential role in modulating remote gut injury in hind limb IRI was studied. Male Wistar rats were chosen for a prospective randomized control trial ( n = 10 per group). The control group and two groups undergoing 3 hr bilateral hind limb ischemia with 2 hr reperfusion (I/R) were randomized to receive intravenously either control protein thaumatin at 2 mg/kg or rBPI 21 at 2 mg/kg, respectively. Quantitative morphometric assessment of the small bowel was used as a measure of gut injury and, using an ex vivo everted gut sac model, translocation of 14 C-labeled polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as a measure of gut permeability. Our results indicate that hind limb IRI is associated with remote gut mucosal injury and increased permeability to macromolecules. rBPI 21 , anti-endotoxin therapy modulates remote gut injury associated with lower limb IRI in this model.