A mathematical model of the cardiovascular response to +Gz acceleration.

: The cardiovascular system is the limiting factor for human tolerance to positive Gz (head-to-foot) acceleration induced during maneuvers of fighter aircrafts. Safe handling of modern fighter aircrafts with higher acceleration capabilities require the use of countermeasures such as a G-suit or breathing at a positive pressure. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular response to +Gz acceleration would help improve the design and application of protective measures. This paper presents a simple mathematical model of the cardiovascular system which incorporates arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflexes, left ventricular-peripheral circulation interaction and decreased venous return. This model is capable of reproducing observed overall cardiovascular response to +Gz acceleration.