Fluoride Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

This chapter is devoted to the use of fluoride nanoparticles in biomedicine. We overview the use of the fluoride nanoparticles in important areas such as thermometry of a single cell, hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, caries prevention, antioxidant therapy, magnetic resonance imaging, and bioimaging. The toxicity of some fluoride nanoparticles is also discussed. The main conclusion is that rare earth doped fluoride nanoparticles (especially rare earth doped LnF3 (Ln = La, Ce), NaF4, NaGdF4) successfully proved its efficiency in the above-mentioned areas toward eukaryotic cells and small animals. It should be mentioned that LnF3 (Ln = La, Ce) and NaGdF4 nanoparticles demonstrate low toxicity in vitro and in vivo.