Biology of emerald ash borer parasitoids

The emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive beetle introduced from China (Bray et al., 2011), was identified as the cause of ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality in southeast Michigan and nearby Ontario in 2002 (Haack et al., 2002; Federal Register, 2003; Cappaert et al., 2005). Although eradication was attempted for several years after the beetle's discovery, it continued to spread throughout North America, killing ash trees in urban, forested, and riparian areas. In an effort to conserve native species of Fraxinus, researchers continue to evaluate integrated pest management methods that include the use of classical biological control, systemic insecticides, and the development of resistant cultivars (Herms and McCullough, 2014).